Information Technology Related Glossary

A
Applet
Generally used to add interactive elements on a webpage, they are developed in Java. They can be included on a web page just like an image but are not limited to the functionality of HTML. Because applets are separate programmatic objects, they often do not work with accessibility aids, although features are becoming available in the Java language to permit this.

Application
A software module designed to fill the specific needs of a user; for example, software for project management, issue tracking, and file sharing. It allows users to execute complex tasks and is designed to perform specific functions for the users.

Application Integration
Brings together various interrelated/unrelated software application to improve or upgrade functionality and data.

Authentication
Authentication is the process of determining whether someone or something is, in fact, who or what it is declared to be through the use of digital certificates issued and verified by a Certificate Authority (CA) as part of a public key infrastructure is part of the authentication process.

B
Bandwidth
It is sometimes used synonymously with data transfer rate and refers to the amount of data transferred from one point to another in a given period of time or the amount of data transferred from one server to another. Most hosting providers set limits on the amount of data transferred, or bandwidth.

Blog
The term ‘Blog’ comes from web log. It refers to a mode of instant web publishing and nowadays pertains to an online journal or diary maintained on the Internet. Using blog scripting anyone can publish information on the Internet automatically.

BMP
Also known as a bitmap image (.BMP). It is a pixel-based image and its quality decreases when the image is enlarged.

Browser
Is a software program used to navigate and view Internet websites.

C
Content
Refers to text, graphics, maps, illustrations and such to provide clarity and form an information dissemination medium on websites, technical manuals etc.

Copyright
Legal rights to commercialize, license, transfer, broadcast or reproduce an original piece of work, irrespective of its supporting media

CMS
A collection of tools that allows the creation, modification, organization and removal of information from a web site. Usually CMS requires no knowledge of HTML in order to create web pages.

CSS
CSS which is short for Cascading Style Sheets, this is a feature added to HTML that allows web developers to have greater control over how web pages are displayed. CSS was designed and developed by the World Wide Web Consortium or the W3C as they are also known.

D
DHTML
Dynamic HTML. An extension of HTML that enables, among other things, the inclusion of small animations and dynamic menus in Web pages. DHTML code makes use of style sheets and JavaScript.

Directory
A group of related files are stored under a common name, the directory name. This is similar to how grouped documents are stored between dividers when filed in a ring binder

Domain names
The domain is the end part of the address that usually specifies what type of website you are contacting. There are many different types of domains, the major ones are known as TLD's or top level domains, these are the .com, .net, .org, these are generally regarded as being American TLD's but can be used by anyone from any country in the world. English TLD's are .co.uk, .org.uk and .ac.uk

E
Ecommerce
The conduct of commerce in goods and services using telecommunications and telecommunications based tools, also known as conducting business transactions over the Internet. Required components include a secure server, a payment processing system and shopping cart software.

Email
Electronic mail is the transmission of messages over networks. The messages are usually text but you can add images, sound and moving pictures to the message before it is sent. An email can usually arrive at its destination in only as few minutes, and can even travel thousands of miles in that much time.

ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning is a collection of software programs that tie together an enterprise’s various functions, such as human resources, finance, marketing and sales. The software also enables an analysis of the data to plan production, forecast sales and analyze quality.

G
GIF
Or Graphical Interchange Format was created by Compuserve.

H
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language is the authoring language used to create World Wide Web documents. HTML dictates the structure and the layout of a document by using different HTML tags and attributes. There are hundreds of tags that can be used in the creation of a whole web site and each one has a different effect on a web page.

Hard disk
Medium for permanent storage of data. Magnetic platters, electronics, and mechanics make up a hard disk. The platters are fixed to a spindle. On each side of a platter there is a read/write head. Each platter is divided into tracks, which is also divided into sectors. A characteristic of hard disks is that the platters and the mechanics are in an airtight enclosure, and the read/write heads do not touch the platters as long as the platters are rotating.

Hardware
The physical components that computer systems are comprised of, like hard disks, cpus, expansion cards, etc.

Hyperlink
A hyper link connects one document or place on a document to another document, another place on the same document, or to another file. They also connect items with webpages on the Internet. Hyper links in text are easy to spot because they are usually underlined and a different color from the rest of the text.

J
Javascript
Javascript is a scripting language developed by Netscape to allow the design of interactive sites. Javascript can interact directly with HTML code so it can add dynamic content to a web site.

JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group is an image format that allows for compression of the image when it is stored.

O
Offshore software development
Provision of software development services by an external supplier positioned in a country that is geographically remote from the client enterprise.

Outsourcing
The business model of delegating non core tasks and functions to an external organization that specializes in those tasks and functions. It thus frees up time and resources to concentrate on core functionalities.

P
Perl
Perl is an interpreted language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing reports based on that information. It's also a good language for many system management tasks.

PHP
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor is an open source, interpretive, HTML centric, server side scripting language. PHP is especially suited for Web development and can be embedded into HTML pages. Also see PSP, JSP and ASP.

Python
A general-purpose, high-level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes programmer productivity and code readability. Python's core syntax and semantics are minimalist, while the standard library is large and comprehensive.

T
The Internet
The Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers through over 100 countries. One key aspect of the Internet is that it is not centrally controlled by a server like other types of networks. An operator can chose what Internet services to use and what local services to make available to other hosts on the Internet. Once connected to the Internet a host has a choice of services that it can use from email, chatting, file sharing, web radio, WebTV, and many more. The Internet was first implemented back in the 1960's, and was first named the Arpanet.

W
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol is a secure specification that allows users to access information instantly via handheld devices such as mobile phones, smart phones and some two-way radios to name a few.

Web browser
A web browser is a software application that is used to display web pages. The most common web browsers are Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Both of these are capable of displaying text, graphics and multimedia information such as sound and video.

Website
A Web site is a presence on the World Wide Web. All web sites contain a home page which is the first page that you would see when you arrive at the site and other pages that are usually accessible by clicking on an area on the screen, called a link that will then take you to another page.

World Wide Web
The World Wide Web is a collection of interlinked documents that are reached over the Internet. The hyper text documents are made up of hyper text mark up language that is used to define the structure of the page. The web is a decentralized collection of documents that interlink with any document that the author sees fit.

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